ARTEP 34-245-10-DRILL - DRILLS/PROCEDURES FOR THE INTELLIGENCE SECTION

ARMY TRAINING AND	ARTEP 34-245-10-DRILL
EVALUATION PROGRAM	HEADQUARTERS
ARTEP 34-245-10-DRILL	DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
	Washington, DC, 31 December 1987

DRILLS

DRILLS/PROCEDURES FOR THE INTELLIGENCE SECTION

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3-1.	General
3-2.	Crew Drill 34-1-0002	- Perform intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB)
3-3.	Crew Drill 34-1-D0001	- Record intelligence information
3-4.	Crew Drill 34-1-D0003	- Prepare the intelligence annex to the OPORD
3-5.	Crew Drill 34-1-D004A	- Prepare a reconnaissance and surveillance (R&S) plan
3-6.	Crew Drill 34-1-D005A	- Disseminate intelligence and combat information through a briefing or transmitting over a radio
3-7.	Crew Drill 34-1-D005B	- Disseminate intelligence and combat information through a briefing or transmitting over a radio
3-8.	Crew Drill 34-6-D004B	- Prepare an R&S plan

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3-1. General. A crew drill is a collective action that a crew of a weapon system or piece of equipment must perform to use the weapon or equipment successfully in combat or to preserve life.

3-2. Crew Drill 34-1-0002 Perform intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB)

3-6. Crew Drill 34-1-D005A Disseminate intelligence and combat information through a briefing or transmitting over a radio

3-7. Crew Drill 34-1-D005B Disseminate intelligence and combat information through a briefing or transmitting over a radio

ARTEP 34-245-10-DRILL -
PERFORM INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD (IPB)

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CONDITIONS: The intelligence officer directs his section to perform IPB to support the unit's assigned contingency mission.

STANDARDS: No prior drills are required. The intelligence section will perform IPB in conjunction with other staff elements to project significant battlefield events and enemy actions, and to predict the enemy's probable courses of action prior to initiation of hostilities.

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J410. Other type units should use equipment organic or available to their respective unit. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked. (2) Radio set, AN/VRC-90. (3) Radio set, AN/VRC-92. (4) Telephone set, TA-312/PT (2 each). (5) Power supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC. (6) Administrative supplies including acetate, china markers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms, and so forth. (7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale). (8) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORI), intelligence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, climatology studies, and current OB holdings. (9) Other TOE equipment, as necessary. b. Training site. The intelligence section is collocated with the S3 (operations section) in the BTF TOC. The location of the TOC must provide for good communications and be near routes to higher headquarters, company teams, other subordinate units, and the BTE trains. Built-up areas are good locations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOC should be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and concealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drill may also be performed in a garrison environment. c. Section instructions. (1) Arrange the intelligence section in a realistic configuration for field operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1). (2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thorough understanding of recording devices and procedures. (3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and a team member. (4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand prior to commencement of training. (5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.

a. Orientation. IPB is a process which the intelligence section must perform in conjunction with other staff elements on a continuous basis. IPB is used as the basis for briefing the commander and hi& staff daily, or more frequently when directed. The information developed during IPB is vital since it serves as the basis for command decisions at battalion and higher headquarters. Each member of the intelligence section is personally responsible for ensuring that all useful processed intelligence and combat information have been incorporated into the IPB process, made available to the battalion commander and his staff, and disseminated to using units (Figure 2-6) on the next page.

(1) Use a mapboard with a map of the battlefield area. Explain each step of the IPB process to all section members. Explain the purpose and use of each overlay and matrix. Talk through the process of completing each overlay and matrix using an actual copy of those products to illustrate each step. Explain the information used as input in each step of the IPB process. Tell all section members where the information can be obtained when it is needed.

(2) Assign each team member to a specific duty position in the intelligence section, and explain the duties of that position to each individual. Performance measures outline the responsibilities of each individual.

(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explain his role in the battle drill, to include performance steps for which he is responsible.

WALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: Initiating Cue. This drill begins when the TOC has been established and the initial situation has been posted to the SITMAP. The intelligence section begins receiving messages from higher, adjacent, and lower echelons. These messages arrive by radio, telephone, and courier.

(1) Identify territory beyond and adjacent to the AO containing enemy forces capable of affecting future operations.

(3) Identify lead time beyond the FLOT or attack objectives required by the commander to act or react to the situation.

(2) Accurately identify the five military aspects of terrain (observation and fields of fire, concealment and cover, obstacles, key terrain, and avenues of approach and mobility corridors).

COACHING POINT: The engineer terrain analysis team operating at division level will collect, process, and disseminate terrain intelligence to supported units. Studies and overlays depicting obstacles, cross-country movement, percent of slope, and other aspects of terrain will be made available by the terrain analysis team.

c. Develop terrain factor overlays. Figure 2-8 shown on the next page is a terrain factor overlay of built-up areas, LOC, and hydrology areas.

COACHING POINT: Examples of overlays: soils, built-up areas, roads and bridges, alternate landing sites, drop zones, percent of slope, hydrology, vegetation density, fields of fire, canopy closure, lines of communication, fording sites, and obstacles to nap of earth.

e. Identify avenues of approach that support friendly and enemy capabilities to move, shoot, and communicate.

h. Develop avenues of approach overlay for friendly and enemy capabilities and courses of action.

(1) Review historical and current weather data to include light data charts; 12-, 24-, 36-, and 72-hour forecasts, long-range forecasts; climatology studies; and special studies.

(2) Assess the tactical aspects of weather (temperature and humidity, precipitation, wind, visibility, clouds, severe weather, and illumination and obstructions to vision).

COACHING POINT: Weather forecasts, studies, and overlays based on a historical data base can be requested from the division staff weather officer and Air Force weather team.

b. Develop a weather factor analysis matrix. Figure 2-9 on the next page shows a weather factor analysis matrix.

c. Develop weather factor overlays. Figure 2-10 shown on page 2-22 illustrates weather effects and cloud coverage overlays.

d. Place multiple weather overlays over multiple terrain overlays (if more than one is developed) to determine if weather information will affect the avenues of approach and mobility corridors.

COACHING POINT: Threat evaluation consists of a detailed study of enemy forces, their composition and organization, tactical doctrine, weapons and equipment and supporting battlefield functional systems. The thrust of this evaluation is to determine enemy capabilities and how they operate based on their doctrine and training.

COACHING POINT: OB holdings consist of the nine OB factors (composition, disposition. strength, training status, tactics, combat effectiveness, logistics, electronic technical data, and miscellaneous data).

(2) Affix doctrinal template over appropriate avenue of approach or mobility corridor.

(3) Prepare template showing unit and equipment dispositions, frontages, depths, and echelon spacing adjusted for terrain and weather factors.

(2) Choose a potential enemy course of action along a particular mobility corridor.

COACHING POINT: All collection resources are considered at this point, to include resources at higher echelons, since non-organic collection resources can be requested via a request for intelligence information (RII).

(4) Examine the map to identify points and areas along the mobility corridor where activity, or lack of activity, will help confirm or deny a particular enemy course of action, and can be monitored and collected against.

(1) Review all NAIs in selected avenue of approach to identify those NAIs where the enemy can be delayed, disrupted, destroyed, or manipulated.

(2) Designate as TAI those points where the enemy can be disrupted, delayed, destroyed, or manipulated.

COACHING POINT: All systems, including those of higher echelons, should be considered at this point, since non-organic systems can be requested to provide assistance in targeting.

(7) Coordinate with S3 to identify options available at the TAI and lead time required to exercise options.

(8) Determine enemy rate of movement restricted by terrain and weather based on templating techniques used in the battlefield area.

(9) Determine decision points by comparing lead time required to implement a decision against distance and enemy rate of movement.

(10) Post decision points to the overlay and label it the "decision support template." Figure 2-15 on the next page shows a decision support template.

a. When personnel can walk through this drill, it is time to create new inputs and practice under realistic volume and time constraints.

c. Inject realism to fully test the capabilities and to provide soldier interest in the training. Realistic situations can include personnel who are absent due to work or sleep shifts (24-hour operation), and completion of short-notice, command-directed reports and details.

d. The intelligence section must be prepared to operate on the integrated battlefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior to moving to the performance stage. e. Incoming reports should not be considered totally complete or accurate. Evaluators should vary input accordingly.

PERFORM: When intelligence section personnel can perform all tasks in this drill in a timely and accurate manner, inform the commander or evaluator that the section is ready for evaluation or reevaluation.

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CONDITIONS: The intelligence officer directs his section to record incoming intelligence information to support the unit's mission.

STANDARDS: No prior drills are required. The intelligence section will enter intelligence information into the data base which will make evaluation and analysis easier and more accurate, and will facilitate preparation of intelligence reports by drawing together all available information on a specific subject.

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J410. Other type units should use equipment organic or available to their respective unit. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked. (2) Radio set, AN/VRC-90. (3) Radio set, AN/VRC-92. (4) Telephone set, TA-312/PT (2 each). (5) Power supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC. (6) Administrative supplies including acetate, china markers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms, and so forth. (7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale). (8) Applicable reference materials, unit operation order (OPORD), intelligence estimate, DA Form 1594 (Daily Staff Journal or Duty Officer's Log), and current order of battle (OB) holdings. (9) Other TOE equipment, as necessary. b. Training site. The intelligence section is collocated with the S3 (operations section) in the battalion task force (BTF) tactical operations center (TOC). The location of the TOC must provide for good communications and be near routes to higher headquarters, company teams, other subordinate units, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOC should be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and concealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drill may also be performed in a garrison environment. c. Section instructions. (1) Arrange the intelligence section in a realistic configuration for field operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1). (2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thorough understanding of recording devices and procedures. (3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and a team member. (4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand prior to commencement of training. (5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.

TALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: a. Orientation. Devices for recording intelligence information used by the intelligence section include: intelligence journal, intelligence journal file, situation map (SITMAP), and the coordinate register. Each member of the intelligence section is personally responsible for ensuring that each bit of incoming combat information is properly recorded, evaluated, interpreted, made available to the battalion commander and his staff, and disseminated to using units.

(1) The intelligence journal is the official, permanent, and chronological record of reports and messages that have been received and transmitted, important events that have occurred, and actions taken in response. The journal is of great significance, so accuracy and completeness are essential.

(2) The intelligence journal file is maintained by the intelligence section to retrieve journal entries and supporting material when writing reports or answering questions about enemy activity taking place during a specified reporting period.

(3) The SITMAP is a temporary graphic display of current enemy dispositions and major enemy activities. It is used to portray the enemy situation and provide a basis for comparison to determine the significance of newly received data about enemy forces. The SITMAP will show possible intelligence gaps which may require redirection of the collection effort. Maintenance of the SITMAP at battalion level is usually a joint S2/S3 effort. The friendly situation is normally the responsibility of the S3, and the enemy situation the responsibility of the S2. Maintenance of the SITMAP takes precedence over all other recording means during combat operations. In a fast-moving situation, particularly at. the BTF level, the SITMAP is the basis for briefing the commander and his staff daily, or more often, and may be the only recording device used.

(4) The coordinate register provides the intelligence section with a workable counterpart to the extensive intelligence files maintained at higher e

WALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: Initiating Cue. This drill begins when the TOC has been established and the intelligence section begins receiving messages from higher, adjacent, and lower echelons. These messages arrive by radio, telephone, and courier.

1. Team member 1 maintains the intelligence journal (Figure 2-2) accurately and completely.

(2) A notation about the sender or individual making the report, to include unit, duty position, and section.

(4) Action actually taken as a result, to include dissemination assigned to reports or information received, and other internal recording actions.

COACHING POINT: The following list is only the minimum standard. Other items may be recorded in the journal. Remind section members to record all important information in the journal.

a. Maintain journal file containing previously recorded journal sheets and supporting materials.

(2) Include copies of orders, periodic reports, messages, memorandums, conference notes, map overlays, and other items required to support journal entries.

3. Team member 1 posts the SITMAP. Figure 2-3 shown on the next page illustrates an OB SITMAP.

b. Display graphically all current enemy dispositions and major enemy activities.

(3) Major roads or trails that could support movement of personnel, weapons, and equipment.

d. Indicate the latest time when the activity was observed or the disposition was confirmed.

e. Use conventional signs, symbols, and abbreviations depicted in FM 21-31 (Topographic Symbols) and FM 101-5-1 (Operational Terms and Symbols). Explain any deviation in the marginal data on the map or overlay.

COACHING POINT: Take care not to overcrowd the map. One method to avoid overcrowding is to group entries by categories on a series of acetate overlays. Another method is to prepare an enlarged sketch map that covers the overcrowded area.

h. Remove information from the SITMAP that is outdated or no longer needed for current operations.

COACHING POINT: There is no definitive means to determine what information is outdated and should be removed from the SITMAP. This is a value judgment based on the mission of the unit and how often the enemy relocates his assets. Information posted to the SITMAP should be checked against the priority intelligence requirements (PIRs) and information requirements for validity. Experienced personnel should guide less-experienced personnel in determining the length of time that information should remain on the SITMAP.

i. Make a record of past activity on a 24-hour basis for historical purposes. Examples are map overlay tracings or photographs of the SITMAP.

COACHING POINT: This historical file will be used to determine patterns of enemy movement and dispositions, and to identify trends.

j. Post the following information in the margin of the SITMAP or on briefing charts nearby.

4. Team chief maintains the coordinate registers. Figure 2-4 below shows a coordinate register with written entries. Figure 2-5 shown on page 2-12 shows a coordinate register with schematic entry.

COACHING POINT: Timely maintenance of the coordinate registers might not be practical in fast-moving, high-intensity situations such as pursuit, delay, or exploitation. This recording device would be valuable in a relatively static situation or in a low-intensity conflict (LIC).

a. Use a looseleaf notebook with each page representing a single grid square of the SITMAP. Use strong, semi-transparent bond paper whenever possible. Ensure that you cover the following:

b. Maintain a written entry page (Figure 2-4) for each grid square. This entry page should describe:

e. Maintain a schematic entry page (Figure 2-5) for each grid square. Use a grid scale underneath the schematic page to allow a more accurate and rapid plotting of, or reference to, the entries. A standardized scale will assist in dissemination of intelligence data from higher to lower echelons. Plot the entry on the grid square in the same manner used to plot the SITMAP.

f. Review the coordinate register when your unit moves to a new area, whenever new data is added, or when obsolete data is deleted.

a. When personnel can walk through this drill, it is time to create new inputs and practice under realistic volume and time constraints.

b. As section members develop proficiency, rotate personnel to ensure cross training.

c. Inject realism to fully test the capabilities of each soldier and to maintain soldier interest in the training. Realistic situations include personnel who are absent due to work or sleep shifts (24-hour operation), and completion of short-notice, command-directed reports and details.

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CONDITIONS: The intelligence officer directs his section to prepare an intelligence annex to the OPORD.

STANDARDS: This drill may be performed in conjunction with 34-80-5-Drill, Dissemination of Intelligence. The intelligence section will extract information from all recording devices and use that data to prepare an intelligence annex to the OPORD. This intelligence annex will contain information about enemy forces that is essential to the conduct of a specified operation.

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J410. Other type units should use equipment organic or available to their respective unit. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked. (2) Radio set, AN/VRC-90. (3) Radio set, AN/VRC-92. (4) Telephone set, TA-312/PT (2 each). (5) Power supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC. (6) Administrative supplies including acetate, china markers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms, and so forth. (7) SITMAP with appropriate overlays. (8) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelligence estimate, intelligence summaries (INTSUMs), daily staff journal, and OB holdings. b. Training site. The intelligence section is collocated with the S3 (operations section) in the BTF TOC. The location of the TOC must provide for good communications and be near routes to higher headquarters, company teams, other subordinate units, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOC should be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and concealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drill may also be performed in a garrison environment. c. Section instructions. (1) Arrange the intelligence section in a realistic configuration for field operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1). (2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thorough understanding of how to prepare an intelligence annex to an OPORD (3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and a team member. (4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand prior to commencement of training. (5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.

(1) The intelligence annex disseminates information about enemy forces which is essential to the conduct of an operation and to give any other necessary intelligence orders or guidance for a particular operation. It also serves as a medium for instructing subordinate commanders to acquire information necessary for the conduct of an operation but which can only be obtained immediately before or when the operation itself has begun. The intelligence annex is not a substitute for an intelligence collection plan; rather it is a way to communicate the taskings or requests of the collection plan.

(2) The intelligence annex is a formal intelligence tasking document that may accompany an operation plan (OPLAN) or OPORD. It should be as brief as possible consistent with clarity. Its first paragraph is a summary of the enemy situation required to understand the OPLAN or OPORD and may refer to annotated maps, enemy situation overlays, or current intelligence reports (INTREPs). Subsequent paragraphs contain specific collection requirements and instructions. Standing operating procedures (SOPs) information should not be repeated in the intelligence annex. The format for an intelligence annex is shown in figures 2-16a through 2-16h.

(1) Use an example of an intelligence annex (Figure 2-16a) to explain the purpose of the annex. Emphasize that the intelligence annex is a formal intelligence tasking document that may accompany an OPLAN or OPORD. It is standardized and has a more rigid format than other annexes.

(2) Assign each team member to prepare a portion of the intelligence annex. Explain each individual's duties involved in completing this task. Performance measures outline the responsibilities of each individual.

(3) Conduct a brief back. Have each individual explain his role in the preparation of the intelligence annex, to include the perform

WALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: Initiating Cue. This drill begins when the TOC has been established and the intelligence section is screening materials and preparing to disseminate intelligence information by means of an intelligence annex to the OPORD.

COACHING POINT: An example intelligence annex heading is shown in Figure 2-16a.

2. Team chief prepares a draft of paragraph 1, Summary of Enemy Situation (Figure 2-16b).

a. Include information about enemy that is essential to implement the OPLAN or OPORD.

c. Ensure that referenced documents are made available to all recipients of the annex.

COACHING POINT: The first paragraph of the intelligence annex gives a summary of the enemy situation required to understand the plan or order. It may refer to annotated maps, enemy situation overlays, or current intelligence reports. An example of paragraph 1 of the annex is reflected in Figure 2-16b.

3. Team member 1 prepares a draft of paragraph 2, Intelligence Requirements (Figure 2-16c).

COACHING POINT: An example of paragraph 2 of the annex is shown below. Paragraph 2 lists the commander's PIR and information requirements in priority.

4. Team chief prepares a draft of paragraph 3, Intelligence Acquisition Tasks (Figure 2-16d).

a. List, by unit, detailed instructions for reports required by the issuing headquarters.

COACHING POINT: Paragraph 3 is used to issue instructions to subordinate commanders and requests to higher headquarters to collect information before or during the initial phase of an operation. An example of paragraph 3 of the annex is in Figure 2-16d.

5. Team member 1 prepares a draft of paragraph 4, Measures for Handling Personnel, Documents, and Materiel (Figure 2-16e).

a. Include instructions for handling and segregation of enemy prisoners of war (EPWs), deserters, repatriates, inhabitants, and other persons.

d. Include instructions for processing (disposition) of captured enemy materiel.

COACHING POINT: Paragraph 4 of the annex contains instructions for handling captured personnel, documents, or equipment that differ from SOP. An example of paragraph 4 of the annex is shown in Figure 2-16e.

6. Team chief prepares a draft of paragraph 5, Documents and Equipment Required (Figure 2-16f).

COACHING POINT: Paragraph 5 of the annex lists the conditions under which certain maps, documents, or equipment required by, or allocated to, units can be obtained or requested. An example of paragraph 5 of the annex is reflected in Figure 2-16f.

7. Team member 1 prepares drafts of paragraph 6, Counter-intelligence, and paragraph 7, Reports and Distribution. If necessary, include a paragraph for Other Instructions (Figure 2-16g).

COACHING POINT: An example of paragraphs 6, 7, and 8 are depicted in Figure 2-16g.

8. Team chief prepares a draft of the closing portion of the annex, to include development of appendixes (Figure 2-16h).

COACHING POINT: An example of the closing part of an annex is shown in Figure 2-16h.

a. When personnel can walk through this battle drill, it is time to create new inputs and practice under realistic volume and time constraints.

b. As section members develop proficiency, rotate personnel to ensure cross training.

ARTEP 34-245-10-DRILL -
PREPARE A RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE (R&S) PLAN

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CONDITIONS: The intelligence officer directs his section to prepare an R&S plan to support the unit's mission.

STANDARDS: No prior drills are required. The intelligence section (S2) will develop an R&S plan that describes all assets used in information collection. A completed plan will strongly influence the accuracy and timeliness of intelligence products.

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: a. Resources. Based on table of TOE 07245J410. Other type units should use equipment organic or available to their respective units. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked. (2) Radio Set, AN/VRC-90. (3) Radio Set, AN/VRC-92. (4) Telephone Set, TA-312/PT (2 each). (5) Power Supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC. (6) Administrative supplies including acetate, china markers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms, and so forth. (7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale). (8) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelligence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, climatology studies, and current OB holdings. (9) Unit R&S SOP. (10) Other TOE equipment, as necessary. b. Training site. The S2 is collocated with the S3 (operation section) in the BTF TOC. The location of the TOC must provide for good communications and be near routes to higher headquarters, company teams, other subordinate units, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOC should be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and concealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drill may also be performed in a garrison environment. c. Section instructions: (1) Arrange the S2 in a realistic configuration for field operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1). (2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thorough understanding of the R&S Plan. (3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and a team member. (4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand prior to commencement of training. (5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.

TALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: a. Orientation. R&S plans provide a systematic watch over the battlefield and early warning of enemy activity, targets for fire and maneuver and, most importantly, information to satisfy the commander's PIR and information requirements.

(1) Reconnaissance is undertaken to collect information by visual or other detection means. It is characterized by its direction toward coverage of one or more specific target areas. The reconnaissance mission may be developed from cues indicating that an area contains information of intelligence value, or because current or planned operations require detailed coverage of a specified area.

(2) Surveillance is the systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. Surveillance is characterized by wide coverage of a target area and by repetition. It is normally used to gain information from the aforementioned areas over a long period of time to note any changes that take place. Surveillance missions are normally preplanned and are particularly suited to cover large areas rapidly and repetitively; minimize risk to the collector; observe or detect changes on the enemy side of the FLOT; and cue other collectors for more detailed coverage.

(3) The collection effort at brigade and battalion level is managed using the same 5-function analytical collection management process used at division and higher echelons. However, at brigade and battalion, the products of the collection management cycle are a graphic R&S overlay with written or oral instructions. To this end, the formal written-out requirements analysis on the collection plan and the asset evaluation sheets are not prepared; rather this process is cognitive. Additionally, you should understand that long-range planning is conducted at division and higher echelons, while brigade and battalion planning normally involves events that will occur within a few hours.

WALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: Initiating Cue. This drill begins when the TOC has been established and the S2 has received brigade collection requirements, the commander's PIR and information requirements, and the S3's essential elements of friendly information (EEFI). An analysis of the battlefield area (AO/area of interest) has been performed and a current situation template or SITMAP is posted.

1. Receive and analyze requirements. Team chief receives, analyzes, and prioritizes the PIRs, information requirements, and EEFI.

COACHING POINT: This is a mental process. Initially it may be helpful for the team to record all of its analyses. As the team members practice and become more proficient, they should be able to perform all actions mentally.

a. Check to see if the information required is readily available in the current data base.

b. Determine indicators by identifying those enemy activities or characteristics of the AO that answer the PIRs and information requirements. The determination of indicators is based on those characteristics that reflect--

COACHING POINT: Encourage section members to use event templates to help decide where and when to look, and for what indicators.

c. Determine specific information requirements (SIRs) by translating the indicators into specific missions. SIRs are the basic questions that need to be answered to confirm or deny the existence of an indicator.

(3) Time necessary to disseminate the resulting intelligence to meet the needs of the commander.

(2) Determine if the commander needs the information by a specified time, or upon the occurrence of a specific event.

(3) Determine if the information should be reported periodically or if periodic negative reports are required.

(4) Report combat information as soon as it is collected, using the most direct means available.

2. Team member 1 determines R&S resource capability and availability to collect against each SIR.

a. Consider the following factors when determining resource capability to collect information.

(1) Range. How far from the target can the resource be and still collect effectively against it?

(2) Timeliness. Does the asset have the capability to collect and report in time to meet the commander's requirements?

(3) Technical characteristics. Does the resource have the equipment to collect what you want? (A ground surveillance radar (GSR) cannot distinguish self-propelled artillery from tanks except when they are within visual range.)

(4) Environment (weather and terrain). How will weather and terrain affect the resource's collection capability? (GSR capabilities are reduced in heavy precipitation.)

(5) Enemy. How will enemy forces affect the resource's collection capability? (Mounted patrols required to reconnoiter through enemy positions will be easily identified and engaged.)

3. Team chief coordinates with the S3 to ensure compatibility with the BTF commander's scheme of maneuver and the tasked unit's primary mission.

a. R&S resources assigned to support the BTF include (for reference, see FM 34-80, pages 2-1 through 2-15):

(1) If a formal plan cannot be created, individual collection resources are tasked using FRAGOs.

COACHING POINT: Once the team has demonstrated its proficiency in creating a graphic R&S plan, the team should be trained to disseminate the R&S requirements in a time critical scenario where the use of FRAGO's replaces the issuance of graphic plans.

4. Team member 1 constructs the R&S overlay. As a minimum, the R&S overlay will include three sections (see Figure 2-17).

(3) Scout screen lines; boundaries of reconnaissance zones/areas, or scout locations.

(4) GSR primary, alternate, and subsequent locations, left and right scan limits, GSR mission, and target area (monitor or general search).

5. Team chief evaluates R&S overlay and identifies gaps in collection. Gaps are referred to brigade for coverage.

7. Team chief evaluates reports received from collection assets. Reviews reports for:

a. Timeliness. Compare the time the event occurred to the time the event was reported.

b. Content. Check to see that reporting follows the guidelines established in the plan.

c. Responsiveness. Ensure that the information is being reported in time to effect the commander's operations.

8. Team chief uses reports to answer SIRs, information requirements, and PIRs and when requirements are established and process started again.

a. Battalion R&S SOPs should be established or refined to minimize the time necessary for a full R&S plan to be developed. For example: A brigade defensive R&S SOP could state that battalions were responsible for creating their plans out to the first major terrain feature or out to the 15 kilometer mark, whichever is farther.

b. When personnel can walk through this drill, it is time to create new inputs and practice under realistic volume and time constraints.

d. Inject realism to fully test the capabilities of the section and to maintain soldier interest in the training. Realistic situations can include personnel who are absent due to work and sleep shifts (24-hour operations), and completion of short-notice, command-directed reports and details.

e. The S2 must be prepared to operate on the integrated battlefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior to moving to the performance stage.

f. Incoming reports should not be considered totally complete or accurate. Evaluators should vary input accordingly.

PERFORM: When S2 personnel can perform all tasks in this drill in a timely and accurate manner, inform the commander or evaluator that the section is ready for evaluation or reevaluation.

ARTEP 34-245-10-DRILL -
DISSEMINATE INTELLIGENCE AND COMBAT INFORMATION THROUGH A BRIEFING OR TRANSMITTING OVER A RADIO

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TASK: Disseminate intelligence and combat information through a briefing or transmitting over a radio

CONDITIONS: The intelligence officer directs his section to disseminate intelligence and combat information.

STANDARDS: No prior drills are required. The S2 will conduct a briefing, in conjunction with other staff members, that will enable the commander to adopt a specific course of action based on the unit's contingency mission. The briefing will follow the intelligence estimate format and will be based on spot reports that have transmitted intelligence or information of immediate value to higher headquarters. An INTSUM will then be prepared.

SETUP INSTRUCTIONS: a. Resources. Based on TOE 07245J410. Other type units should use equipment organic or available to their respective units. (1) Carrier command post, light tracked. (2) Radio Set, AN/VRC-90. (3) Radio Set, AN/VRC-92. (4) Telephone Set, TA-312/PT (2 each). (5) Power Supply, vehicle, HYP-57/TSEC. (6) Administrative supplies including acetate, china markers, paper, pens, pencils, masking tape, blank forms, and so forth. (7) Map board with maps (appropriate scale). (8) Applicable reference materials, unit OPORD, intelligence estimate, terrain studies, weather forecast, climatology studies, and current OB holdings. (9) Other TOE equipment, as necessary. b. Training site. The S2 is collocated with the S3 (operations section) in the BTF TOC. The location of the TOC must provide for good communications and be near routes to higher headquarters, company teams, other subordinate units, and the BTF trains. Built-up areas are good locations for the BTF TOC. If built-up areas cannot be used, the TOC should be located on a reverse slope to provide cover and concealment from enemy ground observation and fire. This drill may also be performed in a garrison environment. c. Section instructions: (1) Arrange the S2 in a realistic configuration for field operations within a TOC (Figure 2-1). (2) Ensure that all section personnel have a thorough understanding of recording devices and procedures. (3) Break the section down into teams to simulate 24-hour operation. Each team will consist of a team chief and a team member. (4) Ensure that the required resources are on hand prior to commencement of training. (5) Use only that equipment authorized by TOE.

(1) Intelligence must be reported in a manner which permits its ready use. There are several ways to disseminate combat information and intelligence. The methods most commonly used at the battalion level are described below. Combat information is passed by the most direct means possible from the collector to the user. These means vary according to the nature, location, and echelon of the prospective user and the urgency of the information. Intelligence may be disseminated electronically, by written means, or orally.

(2) Intelligence information is disseminated to higher, lower, and adjacent units based on the time available for dissemination and the units' need for it. Listed below are the basic reports/documents prepared by brigades and battalions. These reports may be disseminated orally, in a briefing, transmitted over the radio, or in written form.

(a) Spot report. One-time reports used to transmit information or intelligence of an immediate value.

(b) Intelligence estimate. An examination of intelligence factors, weather, enemy, and terrain, that affect mission accomplishment. Usually written at division or higher and briefed at brigade and battalion.

(c) Intelligence annex. Intelligence document containing information on enemy forces and formal intelligence taskings. Usually accompanies the OPLAN or OPORD.

(d) Situation report (SITREP). Used to report-information about the current tactical situation, friendly and enemy.

(e) INTSUM. A brief summary of intelligence gathered over a specified period of time.

(3) The reports listed above are outlined in FM 34-3, Chapter 8. This drill is designed for the preparation of an oral intelligence estimate; however, any of the other reports may be substituted.

(4) The intelligence estimate is a logical and orderly examination of the intelligence factors af

WALK-THROUGH INSTRUCTIONS: Initiating Cue. This drill begins when the TOC has been established and the initial situation has been posted on the SITMAP. The commander directs that his staff brief him on the current situation. The intelligence section prepares its portion of the staff briefing following the intelligence estimate format.

COACHING POINT: Initially, the section may have to prepare a briefing checklist to provide an outline of the tasks to be accomplished as the briefing takes shape. The briefing checklist helps the briefer organize and develop the briefing. As the section personnel become more familiar with the briefing format and requirements, they should be able to brief from note cards.

COACHING POINT: The briefing is based on information or intelligence that has been transmitted to higher headquarters in the form of spot reports or INTREPs. Spot reports are one-time reports used by all echelons to transmit intelligence or information of immediate value. The report should answer the questions who, what, when, and how. Spot reports using a size, activity, location, unit, time, equipment (SALUTE) format should be used. The INTREP is prepared when facts influencing enemy capabilities have been observed or when a change in enemy capabilities has occurred.

COACHING POINT: Decide what the conclusion of the estimate is and tailor the contents of the other paragraphs to support the conclusions.

(2) Present essential facts to include those that may be detrimental to proposed conclusions.

COACHING POINT: Before presenting the briefing, the briefer collects and organizes supporting material which may be required to explain or expand key points. However, this material is presented only if it is required to answer questions during the course of the briefing.

COACHING POINT: The briefing follows the intelligence estimate format. The first paragraph is a restatement of the mission. The remaining paragraphs outline an analysis of the battlefield area based on IPB (see Drill 2), an estimate of enemy strengths, capabilities, and limitations; and the intelligence officer's conclusions about the total effects of the AO of both friendly and enemy courses of action.

COACHING POINT: The briefer must be prepared to support any part of the briefing and to anticipate possible questions so that they may be adequately answered.

(1) Describe the mission in a short, clear, and concise restatement of the assigned or assumed mission of the command.

COACHING POINT: This discussion is based on facts and conclusions derived from IPB and an analysis of the AO.

(3) Provide information on the enemy which permits later development of enemy capabilities and vulnerabilities.

(4) List the enemy courses of action which the enemy can adopt and which will influence the accomplishment of the friendly mission.

COACHING POINT: State the intelligence officer's estimate of the total effect of the AO on the friendly courses of action; courses of action most likely to be adopted by the enemy, including their relative probability of adoption; and the effects of enemy vulnerabilities that can be exploited.

a. When personnel can walk through this drill, it is time to create new inputs and practice under realistic volume and time constraints. Any report may need to be transmitted over the radio. As section proficiency increases practice sending reports over the radio ensuring proper radio telephone procedures are followed.

c. Inject realism to fully test the capabilities of the section and to maintain soldier interest in the training. Realistic situations can include personnel who are absent due to work and sleep shifts (24-hour operations), and completion of short-notice command-directed reports and details.

d. The S2 must be prepared to operate on the integrated battlefield by practicing at MOPP-4 prior to moving to the performance stage.