28 August 2001
*FM 3-34.331 (FM 5-232)
| Field
Manual No. 3-34.331 |
Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 16 January 2001 |
| FM 3-34.331 |
| TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING |
| PREFACE | |
| Chapter 1 | MISSIONS, OPERATIONS, AND DUTIES |
| Survey Missions | |
| Survey Operations | |
| Survey-Personnel Duties | |
| Fieldwork | |
| Office Work | |
| Survey Communication | |
| Chapter 2 | PROJECT PLANNING |
| Section I - Evaluation and Scheduling | |
| Project Requirements | |
| Unit Capabilities | |
| Accuracy Constraints | |
| Milestones | |
| Administrative Support | |
| Logistics Support | |
| Section II - Information-Gathering Trips | |
| Initial Site-Visitation Trip | |
| Administrative-Recon Trip | |
| Project-Visitation Trip | |
| Section III - Project Execution | |
| Chapter 3 | SURVEY RECON |
| Section I - Recon Fundamentals | |
| Recon Requirements | |
| Recon-Party Composition | |
| Section II - Recon Phases | |
| Office Recon | |
| Field Recon | |
| Recon Reports | |
| Chapter 4 | DATUMS, GRIDS, AND COORDINATE REFERENCES |
| Datums | |
| Grids | |
| Coordinate References | |
| Chapter 5 | CONVENTIONAL SURVEY-DATA COLLECTION |
| Section I - Fundamentals | |
| Angle Determination | |
| Distance Measurement | |
| Electronic Total Stations | |
| Section II - Targets | |
| Optical-Theodolite Target Set | |
| AISI Target Set | |
| Target Setup | |
| Lighted Target Sets | |
| Target and Tribrach Adjustment | |
| Signals | |
| Section III - AISI | |
| Description | |
| Components | |
| Leveling | |
| Quick Check | |
| Data Collection | |
| File Transfer | |
| File Editing | |
| Communications | |
| Instrument Maintenance | |
| Section IV - CAD Interface | |
| Total-Station Data Collection and Input | |
| Plotting | |
| Chapter 6 | TRAVERSE |
| Starting Control | |
| Open Traverse | |
| Closed Traverse | |
| Fieldwork | |
| Traverse Stations | |
| Traverse-Party Organization | |
| Azimuth Computations | |
| Azimuth-Bearing Angle Relationship | |
| Coordinate Computations | |
| Accuracy and Specifications | |
| Chapter 7 | DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING |
| Section I - Instruments and Equipment | |
| Automatic Levels | |
| Digital Levels | |
| Optical-Micrometer Levels | |
| Leveling Rods and Accessories | |
| Instrument Testing and Adjustment | |
| Section II - Precise Leveling Procedures | |
| Recon | |
| DE Determination | |
| Field-Party Composition | |
| Data Recording | |
| C-Factor Determination | |
| Center-Wire Adjustment | |
| SIF Determination | |
| Chapter 8 | NAVSTAR GPS |
| Section I - GPS Overview | |
| Operating and Tracking Modes | |
| System Configuration | |
| Broadcast Frequencies and Codes | |
| Broadcast Ephemeris Data | |
| Section II - Absolute Positioning | |
| Absolute-Positioning Accuracies | |
| Pseudoranging | |
| Absolute-Positioning Error Sources | |
| User Equivalent Range Error | |
| Accuracies | |
| Section III - Differential Precise Positioning | |
| Code-Pseudorange Tracking | |
| Carrier-Phase Tracking | |
| Vertical Measurements | |
| Differential Error Sources | |
| Differential Accuracies | |
| Section IV - Precise-Positioning Survey Planning | |
| Project-Control Accuracy | |
| Network-Design Factors | |
| Network Design and Layout | |
| GPS-S Techniques | |
| Section V - Precise-Positioning Survey Conduct | |
| Basic GPS-S Procedures | |
| Absolute Positioning | |
| Differential Positioning | |
| DGPS Carrier-Phase Horizontal-Positioning Surveys | |
| Static Surveying | |
| Stop-and-Go Kinematic Surveying | |
| Kinematic Surveying | |
| Pseudokinematic Surveying | |
| Rapid-Static Surveying | |
| OTF/RTK Surveying | |
| Section VI - Precise-Positioning Survey-Data Processing | |
| Processing Techniques | |
| Baseline Solution by Linear Combination | |
| Baseline Solution by Cycle-Ambiguity Recovery | |
| Data Processing and Verification | |
| Loop-Closure Checks | |
| Data Archival | |
| Section VII - Precise-Positioning Survey Adjustments | |
| GPS Error-Measurement Statistical Terms | |
| Adjustment Considerations | |
| Survey Accuracy | |
| Internal Versus External Accuracy | |
| Adjustments | |
| Evaluation of Adjustment Results | |
| Final-Adjustment Reports | |
| Chapter 9 | ARTILLERY SURVEYS |
| US Army FA | |
| ADA | |
| Survey Planning | |
| Chapter 10 | AIRFIELD-OBSTRUCTION AND NAVAID ENGINEERYING SURVEYS |
| Airport Obstruction Charts and NAVAID Surveys | |
| FAA and FAR Standards | |
| Airfield-Data Accuracy Requirements | |
| Reporting | |
| Chapter 11 | REPORTS, BRIEFINGS, AND OPERATION ORDERS |
| Section I - Reports | |
| General | |
| ISVT Report | |
| Recon Report | |
| Progress Report | |
| End-of-Project Report | |
| Incident Report | |
| Report Disposition | |
| Section II - Briefings | |
| Impromptu Briefing | |
| Deliberate Briefing | |
| Briefing Procedures | |
| Section III - Survey SOPand Supporting Annexes | |
| Appendix A | MENSURAL CONVERSION CHARTS |
| Appendix B | CONTROL-SURVEY STANDARDS |
| Differential Leveling | |
| Horizontal-Angle Measurement | |
| Trigonometric Observations | |
| GPS Techniques | |
| Appendix C | BASIC SURVEY COMPUTATIONS |
| Computation of a Two-Point Intersection | |
| Computation of a Grid Traverse and Side Shots | |
| Computation of a C-Factor | |
| Computation of a Level Line | |
| Appendix D | SURVEY FORMS |
| GLOSSARY | |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | |
| BLANK FORMS | |
| AUTHENTICATION PAGE | |
|
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release: distribution is unlimited. |
* This Field Manual (FM) supersedes FM 5-232, 27 September 1989, and Technical Manuals (TMs) 5-232, 1 June 1971, and 5-237, 30 October 1964. It also supersedes DA Forms 1904, 1 February 1957; 1906, 1 February 1957; 1908, 1 February 1957; 1910, 1 February 1957; 1912, 1 February 1957; 1913, 1 February 1957; 1919, 1 February 1957; 1926, 1 February 1957; 1946, 1 February 1957; 1950, 1 February 1957; 1951, 1 February 1957; 1952, 1 February 1957; 1961, 1 October 1964; 1964, 1 February 1957; 2840, 1 October 1964; 2842, 1 October 1964; 2843, 1 October 1964; 2844, 1 October 1964; 2845, 1 October 1964; 2846, 1 October 1964; 2848, 1 October 1964; 2849, 1 October 1964; 2851, 1 October 1964; 2852, 1 October 1964; 2853, 1 March 1968; 2858, 1 March 1968; 2859, 1 March 1968; 2860, 1 October 1964; 2861, 1 October 1964; 2862, 1 October 1964; 2865, 1 March 1968; and 4727, 1 September 1978.