28 August 2001
*FM 3-34.331 (FM 5-232)
Field
Manual No. 3-34.331 |
Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 16 January 2001 |
FM 3-34.331 |
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING |
PREFACE | |
Chapter 1 | MISSIONS, OPERATIONS, AND DUTIES |
Survey Missions | |
Survey Operations | |
Survey-Personnel Duties | |
Fieldwork | |
Office Work | |
Survey Communication | |
Chapter 2 | PROJECT PLANNING |
Section I - Evaluation and Scheduling | |
Project Requirements | |
Unit Capabilities | |
Accuracy Constraints | |
Milestones | |
Administrative Support | |
Logistics Support | |
Section II - Information-Gathering Trips | |
Initial Site-Visitation Trip | |
Administrative-Recon Trip | |
Project-Visitation Trip | |
Section III - Project Execution | |
Chapter 3 | SURVEY RECON |
Section I - Recon Fundamentals | |
Recon Requirements | |
Recon-Party Composition | |
Section II - Recon Phases | |
Office Recon | |
Field Recon | |
Recon Reports | |
Chapter 4 | DATUMS, GRIDS, AND COORDINATE REFERENCES |
Datums | |
Grids | |
Coordinate References | |
Chapter 5 | CONVENTIONAL SURVEY-DATA COLLECTION |
Section I - Fundamentals | |
Angle Determination | |
Distance Measurement | |
Electronic Total Stations | |
Section II - Targets | |
Optical-Theodolite Target Set | |
AISI Target Set | |
Target Setup | |
Lighted Target Sets | |
Target and Tribrach Adjustment | |
Signals | |
Section III - AISI | |
Description | |
Components | |
Leveling | |
Quick Check | |
Data Collection | |
File Transfer | |
File Editing | |
Communications | |
Instrument Maintenance | |
Section IV - CAD Interface | |
Total-Station Data Collection and Input | |
Plotting | |
Chapter 6 | TRAVERSE |
Starting Control | |
Open Traverse | |
Closed Traverse | |
Fieldwork | |
Traverse Stations | |
Traverse-Party Organization | |
Azimuth Computations | |
Azimuth-Bearing Angle Relationship | |
Coordinate Computations | |
Accuracy and Specifications | |
Chapter 7 | DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING |
Section I - Instruments and Equipment | |
Automatic Levels | |
Digital Levels | |
Optical-Micrometer Levels | |
Leveling Rods and Accessories | |
Instrument Testing and Adjustment | |
Section II - Precise Leveling Procedures | |
Recon | |
DE Determination | |
Field-Party Composition | |
Data Recording | |
C-Factor Determination | |
Center-Wire Adjustment | |
SIF Determination | |
Chapter 8 | NAVSTAR GPS |
Section I - GPS Overview | |
Operating and Tracking Modes | |
System Configuration | |
Broadcast Frequencies and Codes | |
Broadcast Ephemeris Data | |
Section II - Absolute Positioning | |
Absolute-Positioning Accuracies | |
Pseudoranging | |
Absolute-Positioning Error Sources | |
User Equivalent Range Error | |
Accuracies | |
Section III - Differential Precise Positioning | |
Code-Pseudorange Tracking | |
Carrier-Phase Tracking | |
Vertical Measurements | |
Differential Error Sources | |
Differential Accuracies | |
Section IV - Precise-Positioning Survey Planning | |
Project-Control Accuracy | |
Network-Design Factors | |
Network Design and Layout | |
GPS-S Techniques | |
Section V - Precise-Positioning Survey Conduct | |
Basic GPS-S Procedures | |
Absolute Positioning | |
Differential Positioning | |
DGPS Carrier-Phase Horizontal-Positioning Surveys | |
Static Surveying | |
Stop-and-Go Kinematic Surveying | |
Kinematic Surveying | |
Pseudokinematic Surveying | |
Rapid-Static Surveying | |
OTF/RTK Surveying | |
Section VI - Precise-Positioning Survey-Data Processing | |
Processing Techniques | |
Baseline Solution by Linear Combination | |
Baseline Solution by Cycle-Ambiguity Recovery | |
Data Processing and Verification | |
Loop-Closure Checks | |
Data Archival | |
Section VII - Precise-Positioning Survey Adjustments | |
GPS Error-Measurement Statistical Terms | |
Adjustment Considerations | |
Survey Accuracy | |
Internal Versus External Accuracy | |
Adjustments | |
Evaluation of Adjustment Results | |
Final-Adjustment Reports | |
Chapter 9 | ARTILLERY SURVEYS |
US Army FA | |
ADA | |
Survey Planning | |
Chapter 10 | AIRFIELD-OBSTRUCTION AND NAVAID ENGINEERYING SURVEYS |
Airport Obstruction Charts and NAVAID Surveys | |
FAA and FAR Standards | |
Airfield-Data Accuracy Requirements | |
Reporting | |
Chapter 11 | REPORTS, BRIEFINGS, AND OPERATION ORDERS |
Section I - Reports | |
General | |
ISVT Report | |
Recon Report | |
Progress Report | |
End-of-Project Report | |
Incident Report | |
Report Disposition | |
Section II - Briefings | |
Impromptu Briefing | |
Deliberate Briefing | |
Briefing Procedures | |
Section III - Survey SOPand Supporting Annexes | |
Appendix A | MENSURAL CONVERSION CHARTS |
Appendix B | CONTROL-SURVEY STANDARDS |
Differential Leveling | |
Horizontal-Angle Measurement | |
Trigonometric Observations | |
GPS Techniques | |
Appendix C | BASIC SURVEY COMPUTATIONS |
Computation of a Two-Point Intersection | |
Computation of a Grid Traverse and Side Shots | |
Computation of a C-Factor | |
Computation of a Level Line | |
Appendix D | SURVEY FORMS |
GLOSSARY | |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | |
BLANK FORMS | |
AUTHENTICATION PAGE |
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release: distribution is unlimited. |
* This Field Manual (FM) supersedes FM 5-232, 27 September 1989, and Technical Manuals (TMs) 5-232, 1 June 1971, and 5-237, 30 October 1964. It also supersedes DA Forms 1904, 1 February 1957; 1906, 1 February 1957; 1908, 1 February 1957; 1910, 1 February 1957; 1912, 1 February 1957; 1913, 1 February 1957; 1919, 1 February 1957; 1926, 1 February 1957; 1946, 1 February 1957; 1950, 1 February 1957; 1951, 1 February 1957; 1952, 1 February 1957; 1961, 1 October 1964; 1964, 1 February 1957; 2840, 1 October 1964; 2842, 1 October 1964; 2843, 1 October 1964; 2844, 1 October 1964; 2845, 1 October 1964; 2846, 1 October 1964; 2848, 1 October 1964; 2849, 1 October 1964; 2851, 1 October 1964; 2852, 1 October 1964; 2853, 1 March 1968; 2858, 1 March 1968; 2859, 1 March 1968; 2860, 1 October 1964; 2861, 1 October 1964; 2862, 1 October 1964; 2865, 1 March 1968; and 4727, 1 September 1978.